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Agra | |
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Historical Monuments Places | |
Mughal emperor Babur |
Agra Red Fort: Monument History
Agra Fort is a historical ford for tourism in the city of Agra in India. It was the main residence complex of the emperors of the Mughal Dynasty till 1638, when the capital was shifted to Delhi from Agra. The Agra fort is part of UNESCO World Heritage site In 1983. This Monument is situated about 2.5 km northwest of its more famous sister monument The Taj Mahal. This fort Before capture by the British, It occupied by Marathas as the last Indian rulers.
After the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, the victorious mughal emperor Babur stayed in the agra fort(badalgarh), in the palace of Ibrahim Lodi. He later built a baoli (step well) in it.
heir apparent, Humayun, was crowned in the fort in 1530. He was defeated by Sher Shah Suri in 1540 at Bilgram. The fort remained with the Suris about 15 years till 1555, when Humayun recaptured it.
Mughal Empire Akbar was Realized the importance of the central situation and he made it his capital in 1558 and arrived in Agra. This was a brick fort known as 'Badalgarh'. It was in a ruined condition and Akbar had it rebuilt with red sandstone from Barauli area Dhaulpur district, in Rajasthan. Architects laid the foundation and it was built with bricks in the inner core of Fort with red sandstone on external surfaces. Around 4,000 builders worked almost eight years to completing it in 1573.
It was only during the reign of Akbar's grandson, Shah Jahan, that the site is in good condition. Shah Jahan built the beautiful Taj Mahal in the memory of his beautiful wife, Mumtaz Mahal. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal With white marble instead of red sandstone, unlike his grandfather. He destroyed some of the earlier buildings inside the fort to make his own.
At the end of his life, Shah Jahan was restrained by his son, Aurangzeb, in the fort.
It is rumored that Shah Jahan died in Muasamman Burj, a tower with a marble balcony with a view of the Taj Mahal(like in the photo)
The fort was under the Jat rulers of Bharatpur for 13 Years. In this time, they built the Ratan Singh ki haveli in the fort. The fort was invaded and captured by the Maratha Empire in the early 18th century. Thereafter, fort changes under between the Marathas and their foes many times. After Maratha's catastrophic defeat at Third Battle of Panipat by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1761, Marathas remained out of the region for the next many years. Finally Mahadji Shinde recaptured the fort in 1785. It was lost by the Marathas to the British during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, in 1803.
The fort was the site of a battle during the Indian rebellion of 1857.
Agra Red Fort:Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit this destination period is October - March, when the weather is very pleasant. Agra Red Fort is opened for the public from morning 10:00am to 5:00pm.
Agra Red Fort:Tourism Place inside Agra Fort
Jahangir's Hauz (tank)
It is built in 1610AD by Mughal king Jahangir. This circular tank (Hauz) was used for bathing. It is 1.22 m. deep, 2.4 m. in diameter and 7.62 m. in circumference. On the external side of the rim there is an inscription in Persian which mentions it as 'Hauz-e-Jahangir'. Due to this hauz, the palace became famous as Jahangiri Mahal though it is part of Akbar's Bengali mahal.
Shahjahani Mahal
It is built in 1628-35AD. It is situated in between he red stone Jahangiri Mahal and the white marble Khas Mahal and is set transitionally in between these two residential complexes of two different ages. It is the earliest attempt of the Mughal emperor Shahjahan to convert an existing red stone building in accordance with his comfort and it was his earliest palace in Agra Fort. It has a large hall, side rooms and an octagonal tower on the riverside. The skeletal construction of brick and the red stone was all redone with a thick white stucco plaster and colorfully painted in floral designs. The whole palace once glistened white like white marble. On the face towards the Khas Mahal, is a large spacious white marble dalan, composed of five arches, supported on double pillars and protected externally by a chhajja. Its closed western bay houses, the Ghazni gate, Babur's baoli and a well are situated beneath it.
Ghaznin Gate
It is built in 1030 by Mahmud Ghaznavi. The gate originally belonged to the tomb of Mahmud Ghaznavi at Red Fort Agra. The style of decoration bears no resemblance to ancient Gujrati woodwork. There is also an Arabic inscription carved on the upper part. It mentions Mahmud with his epithets.
Jahangir's Chain of Justice (C. 1605 A.D.)
It is buillt in 1605 by Mughal king Jahangir. This is the spot where Mughal king Jahangir instituted his 'chain of justice'(Zanjir-i-Adl). the first order was given Mughal King Jahangir, "was for the fastening up of the chain of justice so that if those engaged in the administration of justice should delay or practice hypocrisy, the aggrieved might come to this chain and shake it so that its noise might attract my attention." It was made of pure gold. It was 80' in length and had 60 bells. Its weight was 1 Quintal.
The Muthamman Burj (Shah-Burj) & Jharokha
It was built in 1632-A.D. by Mughal Emperor Akbar. This beautiful palace the largest mahal of Agra Fort on the riverside, facing the East. It was originally built by Akbar with red stone who used it for jharokha darshan, as well as for sun worship and sunrise. Jehangir also used it as jharokha, as is faithfully shown in his painting made in 1620. He also built his 'Adl-i-Janjir'(the chain of justice) on its south side. Owing to its octagonal plan, it was called 'Muthamman Burj'. It has also been mentioned as 'Shah-Burj'(the imperial or king's tower) by Persian historians and foreign travelers. It was rebuilt with white marble by Shah Jehan around 1632-1640 A.D. He also used as jharokha darshan which was an indispensable a Mughal building as was 'Durbar'. It is an octagonal building, five external sides of which make a dalan overlooking the river. Each side has pillar and bracket openings, the easternmost side projects forward and accommodates a jharokha majestically. On the western side of this palace is a spacious dalan with Shah-Nasin (alcoves). A shallow water-basin (kunda) is sunk in its pavement. This dalan opens on a court on its northern side, a series of rooms leading to Shish Mahal on its western side; and a colonnade (dalan) with a room attached to its on the southern side. It is a completely built with white marble. It has deep niches on the walls, to break the monotony. Dados have repetitive stylized creepers inlaid on borders and carved plants on the center pillars, brackets and lintels also bear exquisitely inlaid designs and it is one of the most ornamented buildings of Shah Jehan. This palace is directly connected to the Khas Mahal, Diwan-i-Khas, Shish Mahal, and other palaces. and it was from here that the Mughal emperor governed the whole country. This Burj offers a full and majestic view of the Taj Mahal.
Shish Mahal
It was built in 1631-40 A.D. by Mughal Emperor Shahjahan as a part of the summer palace. Its most special feature is glass mosaic work done on its walls and ceiling. These glass pieces have high mirror quality which glittered and twinkled in a thousand ways in semi-dark interior. The effect produced by lighting candles. The glass was imported from Haleb of Syria. Shahjahan built glass palace also at Delhi and Lahore, but this is the finest of all.
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